When deploying an instance from an AMI, it is possible to change the computer name to the instance ID and join a domain in a single step.

The following PowerShell user data can be used to:

- Rename the instance
- Join a domain
- Specify an OU for the computer account

<powershell>
$password = "<password>" | ConvertTo-SecureString -asPlainText -Force
$username = "DOMAIN\username"
$credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($username,$password)
$instanceID = invoke-restmethod -uri http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id
Add-Computer -domainname domain.local -OUPath "OU=Computers,DC=domain,DC=local" -NewName $instanceID -Credential $credential -Passthru -Verbose -Force -Restart
</powershell>

Configuring a Windows Instance Using the EC2Config Service
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/UsingConfig_WinAMI.html